Dependents come in all shapes and sizes including spouses, children, and step-children but the word itself, “dependent"—what a label! So many negative connotations! Add the word “alien” and a spouse arriving in the US with their husband or wife may feel rightfully disheartened. Of course, calling a young child who is completely reliant on their parent a dependent makes more sense, yet treating both the same under immigration law does not make the most sense. Nonetheless, in this post we’ll examine key issues relating to both spouse and child dependents.
Read moreOPINION: Visa Bulletin Debacle
Those of us practicing immigration law in the summer of 2007 experienced something that we thought would never happen again. The US State Department (DOS) released a Visa Bulletin that reported every employment-based preference category as “current.” This meant that everyone with an approved labor certification, no matter the prior backlog of priority dates, could file their adjustment of status (i.e. “Green Card”) applications with US Citizenship & Immigration Services (USCIS). Clients and attorneys cheered for joy and started preparing the paperwork. Clients who were abroad when the announcement was made flew back to the US (since an applicant has to be physically present in the US when applying for the adjustment). Clients got medical exams, paid for translations, paid attorneys, and everyone worked overtime to put together these numerous and extensive applications. And then…the State Department took the Visa Bulletin back!
Read moreAILA: Delays in Production of Work Authorization and Green Cards
The American Immigration Lawyers Association (AILA) is reporting that there are delays in the issuance of employment authorization and permanent resident cards (aka Green Cards) after approvals of I-765 and I-485 applications. US Citizenship & Immigration Services (USCIS) has confirmed through AILA that because the card production facility in Corbin, KY is undergoing maintenance, all card production work has been transferred to the facility in Lee's Summit, MO, resulting in a production backlog. Recipients may therefore not receive their cards until two to three weeks after application approval. USCIS anticipates that the backlog will be resolved in September 2015.
Finally, Work Cards for Some Spouses of H-1Bs
As we previously announced, US Citizenship & Immigration Services (USCIS) will start accepting applications for Employment Authorization Documents (EADs), also commonly known as work cards, for spouses of certain H-1B visa holders on May 26, 2015. In preparation for the massive influx of applications, on May 20, USCIS announced some basic guidelines for these applications.
By way of background, spouses of H-1B visa holders are eligible for H-4 visas as dependents of the H-1B. H-4s are valid for only as long as the principal H-1B is valid and until now H-4 holders have not been allowed to work. As part of the executive actions announced in November last year, it was ordered that spouses of certain H-1B visa holders be granted work authorization. These spouses have to apply for work authorization using Form I-765 and once they receive their work card, they can begin working.
Read moreUSCIS Temporarily Suspends Premium Processing for Extension of Stay H-1B Petitions
In an unexpected decision sure to cause frustration (trust us, there's already been a few choice words said here in our office), US Citizenship & Immigration Services (USCIS) announced today that effective May 26, 2015 (less than one week away, which makes planning for this rather difficult), USCIS will temporarily suspend premium processing for all H-1B extension of stay petitions until July 27, 2015. During this time period, USCIS premium processing will not accept Form I-907 Request for Premium Processing Service, filed with H-1B extension of stay petitions, but USCIS says that they will continue to premium process H-1B extension of stay petitions filed with Form I-907 premium requests prior to May 26, 2015. It is unclear at this time whether the premium processing suspension will include change of employer petitions (since most of those include extensions of stay requests).
USCIS will refund the premium processing fee if petitioners filed the H-1B petitions prior to May 26, 2015, using the premium processing service, and, per their usual guarantee, USCIS did not act on the case within the fifteen-calendar-day period. Meanwhile, premium processing remains available for all other Form I-129 H-1B petitions, including H-1B cap-subject petitions, even though the beginning validity date for these cap-subject petitions cannot be earlier than October 1, 2015.
This temporary suspension is not usually an issue because once the H-1B extension petition is filed, the foreign national may remain in the US and continue working for their employer for up to 240 days past the expiration of their current status. For example, if an extension has been filed for the foreign national whose H-1B status is expiring on September 1, that individual can continue to work from now until April 28, 2016 (240 days from September 1). The problem arises if that foreign national in the example needs to travel internationally after September 1. Indeed premium processing can still be a valuable resource, especially in the busy summer months when international travel is at its peak, and foreign nationals wish to obtain an approval notice quickly so they can apply for a visa stamp at a US Consulate/Embassy abroad. Premium processing has been available to H-1B petitions since 2001, and the abrupt decision to suspend premium processing for these types of H-1B petitions is surprising and could put some US employers and foreign nationals in a bind.
USCIS claims that this temporary premium processing suspension is necessary so they can implement and adjudicate employment authorization applications for certain H-4 spouses, who can begin filing their applications on May 26, 2015. USCIS announced they were extending employment authorization to certain H-4 spouses back in February of this year, and it was hoped that USCIS would have used the intervening three months to determine its staffing needs in preparation for the volume of applications it will receive on May 26. It is unfortunate that USCIS is not more prepared and disappointing that foreign nationals who have relied on the availability of premium processing to make their summer international travel plans will now suffer the consequences of USCIS's lack of planning.
UPDATE (July 13, 2015): USCIS announced that effective July 13, 2015, they will resume accepting Form I-907, Request for Premium Processing Service, for all Form I-129 H-1B extension of stay petitions. While as we reported USCIS originally planned to resume premium processing for H-1B extension petitions later this month on July 27, after they "closely monitored" their workloads in regards to implementing and adjudicating employment authorization applications for certain H-4 dependent spouses—which, of course, was the reason for the premium processing suspension—USCIS determined (we're pleased to report) that they can resume premium processing earlier than expected on July 13.
DHS Extends Eligibility for Employment Authorization to Certain H-4 Dependent Spouses
US Citizenship & Immigration Services (USCIS) Director León Rodríguez announced today that as part of President Obama's executive actions back in November 2014, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is extending employment eligibility to H-4 visa holders of H-1B spouses who are seeking employment-based permanent resident status. Applications will start being accepted on May 26, 2015.
This action is "one of several initiatives underway to modernize, improve and clarify visa programs to grow the U.S. economy and create jobs." Director Rodríguez said that granting employment to these spouses will not only provide "more economic stability and better quality of life" to the families but also that it will help "U.S. businesses keep their highly skilled workers by increasing the chances these workers will choose to stay in this country during the transition from temporary workers to permanent residents."
To qualify, individuals must be H-4 dependent spouses of H-1B nonimmigrants who:
Are the principal beneficiaries of an approved Form I-140, Immigrant Petition for Alien Worker; or
Have been granted H-1B status under sections 106(a) and (b) of the American Competitiveness in the Twenty-first Century Act of 2000 as amended by the 21st Century Department of Justice Appropriations Authorization Act. The Act permits H-1B nonimmigrants seeking lawful permanent residence to work and remain in the United States beyond the six-year limit on their H-1B status.
Eligible applicants must submit a Form I-765, Application for Employment Authorization along with supporting evidence and the required $380 fee to USCIS, beginning on May 26, 2015. H-4 applicants can begin work in the US upon approval of the application and receipt of the work card.
As many as 179,600 individuals this year could be eligible for employment authorization under this new eligibility rule, USCIS estimates, and DHS expects that "this change will reduce the economic burdens and personal stresses H-1B nonimmigrants and their families may experience during the transition from nonimmigrant to lawful permanent resident status, and facilitate their integration into American society."
This announcement comes amid court challenges to President Obama's expansion of DACA as well as the possible impending shutdown of the Department of Homeland Security (the mother agency of USCIS).
Do I Need an Immigration Attorney?
Many people ask themselves this question when considering applying for work visas, Green Cards, or other immigration benefits. At first glance the immigration forms and instructions on the US Citizenship and Immigration Services’ (USCIS) website seem relatively straightforward. Some even may have heard stories from friends or colleagues who successfully applied without hiring a lawyer. In this post, we consider different kinds of immigration benefits (along with more complicated deportation cases) and the reasons why one may wish to hire an attorney to assist them in the process.
Of course, as a lawyer working for a boutique immigration law firm, I’m biased; however, I also write from the perspective of a lawyer who has seen what happens when applicants attempt to apply pro se (without legal representation) for cases that are far from as simple as they seem. In a separate future post, we will discuss the dangers of hiring an “Immigration Consultant” or “Notario” and also the unique ethical obligations of attorneys.
First, let’s be clear: There is no legal requirement to be represented by a lawyer in immigration petitions and applications. A petition or application filed pro se will not automatically be rejected by a USCIS Service Center simply because it was not prepared by an attorney. Such petitions or applications will be subject to the same review and adjudication process that others filed by attorneys go through.
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